Relativity The Special And The General Theory

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The Contents of the book are as follows PART I The Special Theory of Relativity I. Physical Meaning of Geometrical Propositions II. The System of Co-ordinates III. Space and Time in Classical Mechanics IV. The Galileian System of Co-ordinates V. The Principle of Relativity (In the Restricted Sense) VI. The Theorem of the Addition of Velocities employed in Classical Mechanics VII. The Apparent Incompatibility of the Law of Propagation of Light with the Principle of Relativity VIII. On the Idea of Time in Physics IX. The Relativity of Simultaneity X. On the Relativity of the Conception of Distance XI. The Lorentz Transformation XII. The Behaviour of Measuring-Rods and Clocks in Motion XIII. Theorem of the Addition of Velocities. The Experiment of Fizeau XIV. The Heuristic Value of the Theory of Relativity XV. General Results of the Theory XVI. Experience and the Special Theory of Relativity XVII. Minkowski's Four-dimensional Space PART II The General Theory of Relativity XVIII. Special and General Principle of Relativity XIX. The Gravitational Field XX. The Equality of Inertial and Gravitational Mass as an Argument for the General Postulate of Relativity XXI. In what Respects are the Foundations of Classical Mechanics and of the Special Theory of Relativity unsatisfactory? XXII. A Few Inferences from the General Principle of Relativity XXIII. Behaviour of Clocks and Measuring-Rods on a Rotating Body of Reference XXIV. Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Continuum XXV. Gaussian Co-ordinates XXVI. The Space-Time Continuum of the Special Theory of Relativity considered as a Euclidean Continuum XXVII. The Space-Time Continuum of the General Theory of Relativity is not a Euclidean Continuum XXVIII. Exact Formulation of the General Principle of Relativity XXIX. The Solution of the Problem of Gravitation on the Basis of the General Principle of Relativity PART III Considerations on the Universe as a Whole XXX. Cosmological Difficulties of Newton's Theory XXXI. The Possibility of a "Finite" and yet "Unbounded" Universe XXXII. The Structure of Space according to the General Theory of Relativity APPENDICES I. Simple Derivation of the Lorentz Transformation [Supplementary to Section XI] II. Minkowski's Four-dimensional Space ("World") [Supplementary to Section XVII] III. The Experimental Confirmation of the General Theory of Relativity (a) Motion of the Perihelion of Mercury (b) Deflection of Light by a Gravitational Field (c) Displacement of Spectral Lines towards the Red Bibliography Index

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 - 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist[5] who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).[3][6]:274 His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.[7][8] He is best known to the general public for his mass-energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation".[9] He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", [10] a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. The son of a salesman who later operated an electrochemical factory, Einstein was born in the German Empire but moved to Switzerland in 1895 and renounced his German citizenship in 1896.[5] Specializing in physics and mathematics, he received his academic teaching diploma from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School (German: eidgenössische polytechnische Schule, later ETH) in Zürich in 1900. The following year, he acquired Swiss citizenship, which he kept for his entire life. After initially struggling to find work, from 1902 to 1909 he was employed as a patent examiner at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led him to develop his special theory of relativity during his time at the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905, called his annus mirabilis (miracle year), he published four groundbreaking papers, which attracted the attention of the academic world; the first outlined the theory of the photoelectric effect, the second paper explained Brownian motion, the third paper introduced special relativity, and the fourth mass-energy equivalence. That year, at the age of 26, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich. Although initially treated with skepticism from many in the scientific community, Einstein's works gradually came to be recognised as significant advancements. He was invited to teach theoretical physics at the University of Bern in 1908 and the following year moved to the University of Zurich, then in 1911 to Charles University in Prague before returning to the Federal Polytechnic School in Zürich in 1912. In 1914, he was elected to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, where he remained for 19 years. Soon after publishing his work on special relativity, Einstein began working to extend the theory to gravitational fields; he then published a paper on general relativity in 1916, introducing his theory of gravitation. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light and the quantum theory of radiation, the basis of laser, which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe