The Jungle

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First published in 1905, 'The Jungle' was written by Upton Sinclair, an American writer, political activist, and the 1934 Democratic Party nominee for Governor of California who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. Sinclair wrote the novel to portray the lives of immigrants in the United States in Chicago and similar industrialized cities. Many readers were most concerned with his exposure to health violations and unsanitary practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century, based on an investigation he did for a socialist newspaper. The book depicts working class poverty, the lack of social support, harsh and unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness among many workers. These elements are contrasted with the deeply rooted corruption of people in power. A review by the writer Jack London called it, "The Uncle Tom's Cabin of wage slavery."

American author, political activist, and 1934 Democratic Party candidate for governor of California, Upton Sinclair. (September 20, 1878 - November 25, 1968) produced approximately 100 books and other works across a variety of genres. In the first half of the 20th century, Sinclair's writing was well-known and well-liked, and in 1943, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. The Jungle, a famous muckraking novel by Upton Sinclair, exposed working and sanitary conditions in the U.S. meatpacking business in 1906, sparking a public outcry that helped pave the way for the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act, which were both passed a few months later. He authored The Brass Check in 1919, a scathing exposé of American journalism that raised awareness of the problem of "yellow journalism" and the restrictions placed on the "free press" in the country. He was described as "a man with every gift except humor and silence" by Time magazine. To explain why the editors and publishers of the major newspapers in California would not take seriously his plans for old age pensions and other progressive reforms, he used this argument in speeches and the book about his campaign for governor.